The distinctive green color of emeralds is primarily derived from the presence of trace amounts of chromium and/or vanadium within the gemstone's crystal structure. This coloration can range from a deep, saturated green to a lighter, more yellowish-green hue, with the most valuable emeralds exhibiting a deep, uniform green tone. Emeralds have a Mohs hardness of 7.5-8, making them moderately durable for daily wear but still susceptible to scratches and chips. Care should be taken when handling emeralds to avoid damaging the surface.Due to the complex geological conditions in which they form, emeralds often contain inclusions and imperfections within their crystal structure. These inclusions, known as "jardin" (French for "garden"), are considered a natural characteristic of the gemstone and can contribute to its unique beauty and value.Emeralds are relatively rare compared to other gemstones, with the most valuable and sought-after specimens originating from specific geographic regions, such as Colombia, Brazil, and Afghanistan. This rarity adds to the allure and desirability of green emeralds.